Chodziwika ku Vietnam, jackfruit ili ndi njere zopatsa thanzi ngati mtedza ndipo mu chipatso cholemera mapaundi 50, imatha kukhala ndi njere zopitilira 100. (Chithunzi mwachilolezo / Voltaire Moise)
M’zaka zapitazo, mukanakhala ku North America kapena ku Ulaya, mtedza wopezeka pa Khirisimasi ukanakhala mtedza kapena mtedza. Pecans akadakhala kusankha m'maiko akumwera. Tsopano titha kupeza mtedza padziko lonse lapansi m'misika yam'deralo.
Ku Myanmar ndi Vietnam, mutha kupeza amondi otentha komanso achibale a mtedza wa pili. Mtedza wa pili uli ndi mitundu yopitilira 600 ya banja la Burseraceae ndipo imapezeka ku Southeast Asia. Ngakhale makadamia ali ndi achibale ake apafupi m'madera otentha a ku Asia, choncho malingana ndi kumene mukukhala, mungapeze mtedza wa kumaloko komanso mawu oyambilira achilendo ophatikizidwa m'zakudya za m'deralo.
Anthu ena amaganiza kuti mitengo ya mtedza wa makadamia imachokera ku Hawaii, koma apa tikudziwa kuti ndi mtengo waku Australia womwe tidautengera kukhala wathu. Mtedzawu timaugwiritsa ntchito pazakudya zamitundumitundu, makamaka zokometsera. Mtedza wokazinga wa makadamia ndi zokhwasula-khwasula za Khrisimasi ndi mphatso. Timagwiritsanso ntchito masamba kukongoletsa Khrisimasi m'malo mwa holly.
Anthu oyambirira atafika ku Hawaii, masoka kapena mtedza wodyedwa unali wovuta kupeza. Mtedza wokhawo unali wa mahoe kapena Alectron macrococculus.
Kenako anthu a ku Polynesia anabweretsa kokonati ndi mtedza wa kukui. Mwaukadaulo, kokonati si mtedza weniweni. Ngakhale mtedza wa kukui ndi wodyedwa, ukhoza kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu m'mimba pamene ambiri amadyedwa chifukwa ndi okhudzana ndi nyemba. Chotero m’bwalo la zakudya ndi kadyedwe kake, mtedza weniweni unkasowa.
M'zaka za m'ma 1900, ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture anafufuza m'madera otentha kuti apeze mbewu za mtedza zomwe zingagwirizane ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana za ku Hawaii. Mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi mtedza monga ma amondi ndi ma cashew idayambitsidwa koma palibe yomwe idadziwika bwino ngati mtedza waku Australia wa macadamia.
Ngakhale kuti makadamia oyambirira anafika kuno chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, panapita zaka zambiri kuti azionedwa ngati zokolola zamalonda. Kenako ochita kafukufuku anapanga mitundu yambiri yapamwamba kwambiri ndipo pasanapite nthawi alimi anayamba kuilima mwamalonda.
Masiku ano, anthu akamaganiza za macadamia, amaganiza kuti ku Hawaii, popeza mitundu yabwino kwambiri idakwezedwa ngati macadamia aku Hawaii ngakhale amaganiza kuti tsopano yakula kumadera ena a Africa, tropical America, Asia ndi Australia.
Kuwonjezera pa macadamia, tiyeni tikambirane za mtedza wina umene ungatithandize. Cashews ndi otchuka ku Asia kotentha ndipo mudzawapeza akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphikidwe ambiri, komabe mitengoyi idapezeka ku Brasil, kuti ifalikire padziko lonse lapansi.
Ku Hawaii, ma cashews amakwanira bwino m'munda wakunyumba. Mtedza kapena njere zimamera m'munsi mwa zipatso za cashew. Imakula mosavuta kuchokera kumbewu ndipo imakula kukhala mtengo wawung'ono wamutu wozungulira. Mitengo ya cashew ndi yogwirizana ndi mitengo ya mango ndipo imakhala ndi madzi opweteka kotero kuti mbeuyo iyenera kusamalidwa mosamala pokonza. Zipatso zowutsa mudyozo zimadyedwa mwatsopano kapena kupangidwa kukhala madzi kapena chakumwa choledzeretsa.
Kodi ndi liti pamene mudakhala ndi pie ya nati kapena pili nut brittle, kapena ma cookies a nati? Pokhapokha mutakhala kumadera otentha akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, mwina sikunali konse.
Nanga bwanji ma cookies amondi otentha? Amondi wotentha kapena kamani wabodza, mwa taxonomically, Terminalia catappa, adachokera ku East Indies koma tsopano akupezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific, Atlantic ndi Indian Ocean.
Myanmar ndi Vietnam ndi gawo lochititsa chidwi komanso lokongola padziko lapansi. Ali ndi zomera ndi zinyama zambiri ndipo amakhala ndi anthu ambiri okondweretsa amwenye omwe ali ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.
Ndife amwayi kuno ku Hawaii kukhala ndi anthu ambiri ochokera ku Asia omwe abweretsa zokometsera kusakaniza kwathu kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndizodabwitsa kuti zipatso zambiri ndi mtedza wotchuka kumeneko sizodziwika pano. Tikuwona anthu aku Vietnamese pano, koma ngakhale tili ndi anthu ambiri ochokera ku Philippines, sitikuwona malo odyera ambiri okhala ndi zakudya. Kuyenda m'malo achilendo ndi kulawa zosangalatsa kumapangitsa munthu kufuna kukhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana pano kunyumba.
Mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwa mtedza wokoma kwambiri ndi pili. Mtedza wa pili, Canarium ovatum, umachokera ku Philippines ndipo ndi wofunika kwambiri pa mitundu 10 yobala mtedza wochokera ku Asia. Masamba amakhala ngati tulip aku Africa. Maluwa ndi achikasu, onunkhira ndipo amapangidwa m'magulu omaliza.
Maluwa aamuna ndi aakazi amabadwira pamitengo yosiyana, motero mitengo iwiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imafunikira kutulutsa mtedza pamtengo wamkazi. Zipatso zobiriwira zobiriwira zimakhala zakuda zikakhwima ndipo zimakhala zazitali pafupifupi mainchesi 2.5 mpaka 3. Mtedzawu ukhoza kudyedwa wosaphika kapena wokazinga ndipo ena amauona kuti ndi wapamwamba kuposa wa amondi. Maphikidwe anga omwe ndimawakonda ndi ofanana ndi kupanga mtedza wa peanut, m'malo mwa mtedza wa pili m'malo mwa mtedza.
Njereyi imapangidwa kukhala zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza mtedza wokazinga wamba, mtedza wokutidwa ndi shuga, pudding ndi batala wa pilinut. Iwo ndi abwino mu chokoleti cha mtedza ndipo ndi gwero la mafuta abwino ophikira. Chigobacho ndi gwero labwino kwambiri lamafuta ndipo chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati malo obzala. Ku Indonesia zigoba zimapangidwanso kukhala zokongoletsera. Utomoni ukhoza kudulidwa kuchokera mumtengo ngati ndi mtengo wa rabala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzonunkhira, zomatira, mapulasitiki, inki zosindikizira, utoto, vanishi ndi zinthu zina zambiri.
Yunivesite ya Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources yaphunzira kupanga pili kwazaka zambiri ndipo idapeza kuti ikukula bwino kwambiri pamalo otsika. Ndi mtengo wokongola wa kumadera otentha omwe umayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu ndikupatsidwa ulimi wothirira kumene mvula imagwa pansi pa mainchesi 50 a mvula yogawidwa bwino pachaka.
Cholepheretsa pakukula mitengo ya pili ndi kupezeka kwa mbewu. Mitengo yambiri ku Hawaii imakula kuchokera kumbewu. Kumezanitsa, ndi budding ndi zovuta. Kuyika kwa mpweya kumakhala ndi kupambana kochepa. Popeza University ili ndi mitengo ingapo, ndizotheka kupeza mbewu polumikizana ndi maofesi athu a UHCTAR Agricultural Extension.
Funsani mmodzi wa Master Gardeners kuti akuthandizeni. Ku Hilo nambala ndi 981-5199 kapena ku Kona, 322-4893. Mbewu sizipezeka nthawi zonse, koma zitha kupezeka mu zipatso.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-01-2019