Asayansi ku Hong Kong atulutsa kanema wowonetsa momwe anthu angapangire masks amaso ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo zapakhomo.
Pulofesa Alvin Lai, Dr Joe Fan ndi Dr Iris Li waku University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital apanga njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yopangira masks opangira kunyumba.
Kupangaku kumabwera pomwe mafakitale aku China akuvutika kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna komanso bambo wina atamangidwa mderali chifukwa chothyola galimoto yoyimitsidwa ndikuba mabokosi asanu ndi atatu okhala ndi masks 160.
Pulofesa Alvin Lai, Dr Joe Fan ndi Dr Iris Li waku University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital apanga njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yopangira masks opangira kunyumba. Pazithunzi ndi ogwira ntchito omwe akupanga masuti oteteza ku China
Ogwira ntchito amavala zodzitchinjiriza pafakitale ya kampani yopanga zida zamankhwala ku Hohhot, likulu la kumpoto kwa China Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Covid-19, dzina la coronavirus, yapha anthu 1,527 padziko lonse lapansi ndipo pachitika milandu 67,090.
Woganiziridwayo wazaka 33 anali munthu waposachedwa kwambiri kumangidwa panthawi yakuba kwa masks kumaso ku Hong Kong ndi China.
Ku Hong Kong, akuba posachedwapa adaba masks 750 ofunika 3,000 HKD (£ 297) kuchokera kwa bambo wina ku Sham Shui Po pomwe mayi wina adanenanso za kuba kwa masks 1,000 ku Tsim Sha Tsui patangopita ola limodzi, malinga ndi malipoti.
Pazithunzi zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi asayansi achipatala akuwonetsa momwe chophimba kumaso chimapangidwira pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu 10 zapakhomo za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Pazithunzi zomwe asayansi achipatala adatulutsa akuwonetsa momwe chophimba kumaso chingapangidwire pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu 10 zapakhomo za tsiku ndi tsiku kuphatikiza khitchini, waya wachitsulo, tepi yamapepala ndi lumo.
Ikani chidutswa chimodzi cha khitchini, chokhala ndi satifiketi yaukhondo, pamwamba pa china ndikugwiritsa ntchito tepi ya pepala kuti mutseke mbali ziwiri za chigoba.
Kuti mupange chigoba, mudzafunika: mpukutu wakukhitchini, mapepala olimba a minofu, zotanuka, nkhonya, tepi yamapepala, lumo, waya wachitsulo wokutira pulasitiki, magalasi, zikwatu zamafayilo apulasitiki ndi zomangira.
Komabe, chipatalachi chinanena kuti zida monga filimu yotsatsira, pepala losefera mpweya, ndi nsalu za thonje, sizoyenera kupanga masks.
Wapampando wamkulu wa bungwe la Elderly Commission Dr Lam Ching-choi adauza SCMP kuti: "Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zitha kuchepetsa mantha a anthu. Mayeso asayansi apeza kuti masks opangidwa kunyumba amenewa amatha kupereka chitetezo kumlingo wina ngati alibe chigoba kunyumba.'
Ndipo China lero yayamba kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikupatula ndalama zamabanki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa ultraviolet kapena kutentha kwambiri kuti aphe mabilu a yuan, kenako amasindikiza ndikusunga ndalamazo kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka 14 - kutengera kuopsa kwa mliri m'dera linalake - asanazibwezere.
Fan Yifei, wachiwiri kwa bwanamkubwa wa banki yayikulu ku China, lero ati mabanki alimbikitsidwa kuti azipereka mabanki atsopano kwa makasitomala ngati kuli kotheka.
Banki yayikulu idapereka "mwadzidzidzi" ma yuan mabiliyoni anayi m'makalata atsopano ku chigawo cha Hubei, chomwe ndi chiyambi cha mliriwu, tchuthi chaposachedwa cha Lunar New Year, Fan adawonjezera.
Coronavirus ndi mtundu wa kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda mwa nyama ndi anthu. Ma virus amalowa m'maselo omwe ali mkati mwawo ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito kuti adzichulukitse okha ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito amthupi. Coronaviruses amatchulidwa kuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini 'corona', kutanthauza korona, chifukwa amakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chofanana ndi korona wachifumu.
Coronavirus waku Wuhan ndi imodzi yomwe sinawonekere izi zisanachitike. Yatchedwa SARS-CoV-2 ndi International Committee on Taxonomy of Virus. Dzinali limayimira Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2.
Akatswiri ati kachilomboka, komwe kapha munthu m'modzi mwa odwala 50 kuyambira pomwe adayamba mu Disembala, ndi "mlongo" wa matenda a SARS omwe adafika ku China mu 2002, adatchulidwa pambuyo pake.
Matenda omwe kachilomboka kamayambitsa adatchedwa COVID-19, zomwe zimayimira matenda a coronavirus 2019.
Dr Helena Maier, wa ku Pirbright Institute, adati: "Coronaviruses ndi banja la ma virus omwe amapatsira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza anthu, ng'ombe, nkhumba, nkhuku, agalu, amphaka ndi nyama zakuthengo.
'Mpaka pomwe coronavirus yatsopanoyi idadziwika, panali ma coronavirus asanu ndi limodzi okha omwe amadziwika kuti amapatsira anthu. Zinayi mwa izi zimayambitsa matenda amtundu wa chimfine, koma kuyambira 2002 pakhala kutuluka kwa ma coronavirus awiri atsopano omwe amatha kupatsira anthu ndikuyambitsa matenda oopsa (Severe acute kupuma syndrome (SARS) ndi Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) tizilombo twa corona).
'MaCoronaviruses amadziwika kuti amatha kudumpha nthawi ndi nthawi kuchoka ku mtundu wina kupita ku mtundu wina ndipo ndizomwe zidachitika pa SARS, MERS ndi coronavirus yatsopano. Magwero a nyama za coronavirus yatsopano sikudziwikabe.'
Milandu yoyamba ya anthu idanenedwa poyera kuchokera ku mzinda waku China ku Wuhan, komwe kumakhala anthu pafupifupi 11 miliyoni, azachipatala atayamba kufotokoza za matendawa pa Disembala 31.
Pofika pa Januware 8, milandu 59 yomwe akuwakayikira idanenedwa ndipo anthu asanu ndi awiri anali ovuta. Mayeso adapangidwa a kachilombo katsopano ndipo milandu yojambulidwa idayamba kuchulukirachulukira.
Munthu woyamba adamwalira sabata lomwelo ndipo, pofika Januware 16, awiri anali atamwalira ndipo milandu 41 idatsimikizika. Tsiku lotsatira, asayansi adaneneratu kuti anthu 1,700 atenga kachilomboka, mwina mpaka 7,000.
Malinga ndi kunena kwa asayansi, kachilomboka pafupifupi kochokera kwa mileme. Ma Coronaviruses nthawi zambiri amachokera ku nyama - ma virus ofanana ndi SARS ndi MERS akukhulupirira kuti adachokera ku amphaka a civet ndi ngamila, motsatana.
Milandu yoyamba ya COVID-19 idachokera kwa anthu omwe amayendera kapena kugwira ntchito pamsika wa nyama ku Wuhan, womwe watsekedwa kuti awufufuze.
Ngakhale kuti msikawu ndi msika wazakudya zam'madzi, nyama zina zakufa ndi zamoyo zinali kugulitsidwa kumeneko, kuphatikiza ana a nkhandwe, asalam, njoka, nkhanga, nungu ndi nyama ya ngamila.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Wuhan Institute of Virology, yomwe idasindikizidwa mu february 2020 mu nyuzipepala yasayansi ya Nature, idapeza kuti ma genetic makeup virus omwe amapezeka mwa odwala ku China ndi 96 peresenti ofanana ndi coronavirus yomwe adapeza mu mileme.
Komabe, kunalibe mileme yambiri pamsika kotero asayansi akuti mwina panali nyama yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati yapakati, yomwe idatenga mileme isanapatsire kwa munthu. Sizinatsimikizikebe kuti nyama imeneyi inali yotani.
Dr Michael Skinner, dokotala wa ma virus ku Imperial College London, sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu koma adati: "Kupezekaku kumatsimikizira kuti nCoV idachokera ku mileme ku China.
'Sitikudziŵabe ngati mtundu wina wa zamoyo unakhalapo monga wochititsa kuti kachilomboka kakulitse kachilomboka, ndipo mwinanso kukabweretsa kumsika, kapenanso kuti ndi mtundu wanji umene ungakhalepo.'
Akatswiri ati mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka chifukwa ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika za matendawa ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zikufalikira mwachangu.
Ndizofanana ndi SARS, yomwe idapatsira anthu 8,000 ndikupha pafupifupi 800 pakubuka ku Asia mu 2003, chifukwa ndi mtundu wa coronavirus womwe umayambitsa mapapu a anthu. Ndiwowopsa kuposa SARS, komabe, yomwe idapha munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 10, poyerekeza ndi m'modzi mwa 50 a COVID-19.
Chifukwa chinanso chodetsa nkhawa ndichakuti palibe amene ali ndi chitetezo ku kachilomboka chifukwa sanakumanepo nacho kale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zitha kuwononga kwambiri kuposa ma virus omwe timakumana nawo pafupipafupi, monga chimfine kapena chimfine.
Polankhula pamwambowu mu Januware, pulofesa waku Yunivesite ya Oxford, Dr Peter Horby, adati: "Ma virus atsopano amatha kufalikira mwachangu kuposa ma virus omwe amayenda nthawi zonse chifukwa tilibe chitetezo kwa iwo.
'Ma virus ambiri a chimfine am'nyengo amafa ndi anthu osakwana m'modzi mwa anthu 1,000. Pano tikukamba za kachilombo komwe sitikumvetsa bwino za kuopsa kwake koma ndizotheka kuti chiwerengero cha imfa chikhoza kukhala chapamwamba kwambiri mpaka awiri peresenti.'
Ngati chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa ndi awiri mwa anthu 100 alionse, ndiye kuti awiri mwa odwala 100 aliwonse amene amamwalira adzafa.
'Kumva kwanga ndikotsika,' Dr Horby anawonjezera. 'N'kutheka kuti tikusowa milandu yochepa kwambiri imeneyi. Koma ndi momwe zinthu zilili panopa.
'Awiri mwa anthu 100 aliwonse omwe amafa ndi matenda a chimfine akufanana ndi mliri wa Chimfine wa ku Spain mu 1918 kotero ndizovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.'
Matendawa amatha kufalikira pakati pa anthu kudzera kutsokomola ndi kuyetsemula, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Komanso imatha kufalikira ngakhale munthu asanakhale ndi zizindikiro.
Amakhulupirira kuti amayenda m'malovu ngakhalenso m'madzi m'maso, chifukwa chake kukhudzana kwambiri, kupsopsonana, ndi kugawana zida kapena ziwiya zonse ndizowopsa. Itha kukhalanso pamalo, monga pulasitiki ndi zitsulo, kwa maola 72, kutanthauza kuti anthu amatha kuigwira pogwira malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo.
Poyambirira, anthu amaganiziridwa kuti amazipeza pamsika wanyama mumzinda wa Wuhan. Koma posakhalitsa milandu inayamba kuonekera mwa anthu omwe anali asanakhalepo, zomwe zinakakamiza asing'anga kuzindikira kuti ikufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu.
Munthu akagwira kachilombo ka COVID-19 zitha kutenga pakati pa masiku awiri kapena 14, kapena kupitilira apo, kuti awonetse zizindikiro zilizonse - koma amatha kupatsirana panthawiyi.
Ngati adwala komanso akadwala, zizindikiro zake ndi monga mphuno yothamanga, chifuwa, zilonda zapakhosi komanso kutentha thupi (kutentha kwambiri). Odwala ambiri adzachira popanda vuto lililonse, ndipo ambiri sangafunikire chithandizo chamankhwala konse.
Pagulu laling’ono la odwala, amene amawoneka makamaka kuti ndi okalamba kapena amene ali ndi matenda a nthaŵi yaitali, angayambitse chibayo. Chibayo ndi matenda omwe mkatikati mwa mapapu amatupa ndikudzaza ndi madzi. Zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo, ngati sikusamalidwa, kumatha kupha komanso kufooketsa anthu.
Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti ana ang'onoang'ono sakuwoneka kuti akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kachilomboka, zomwe akuti ndizodabwitsa poganizira kuti ali ndi chimfine, koma sizikudziwika chifukwa chake.
Asayansi ku China adalemba zamitundu pafupifupi 19 ya kachilomboka ndikuzipereka kwa akatswiri omwe akugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.
Izi zimalola ena kuwawerenga, kupanga zoyezetsa komanso kuyang'ana zochizira matenda omwe amayambitsa.
Mayeso awonetsa kuti coronavirus sinasinthe kwambiri - kusintha kumadziwika kuti kusinthika - makamaka koyambirira kwa kufalikira.
Komabe, mkulu wa Center for Disease Control and Prevention ku China, a Gao Fu, adati kachilomboka kakusintha ndikusintha momwe imafalikira kudzera mwa anthu.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuyesetsa kuphunzira kachilomboka ndikuwongolera kutha kukhala kovuta kwambiri chifukwa kachilomboka kamatha kuwoneka mosiyana nthawi zonse asayansi akamasanthula.
Kafukufuku wochulukirapo atha kuwulula ngati kachilomboka kanayamba kukhudza anthu ochepa kenako nkusintha ndikufalikira kuchokera kwa iwo, kapena ngati panali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilomboka yomwe idachokera ku nyama zomwe zidayamba padera.
Kachilomboka kamakhala ndi chiwopsezo cha kufa pafupifupi awiri peresenti. Ichi ndi chiwopsezo cha imfa chofanana ndi mliri wa Flu waku Spain womwe, mu 1918, udapha anthu pafupifupi 50million.
Akatswiri akhala akusemphana maganizo kuyambira chiyambi cha chipwirikiti chokhudza ngati chiwerengero chenicheni cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndichokwera kwambiri kuposa chiwerengero cha milandu yomwe yalembedwa. Anthu ena amayembekezeredwa kukhala ndi zofooka kwambiri kotero kuti samazindikira kuti akudwala pokhapokha atayesedwa, ndiye kuti milandu yayikulu yokha ndiyomwe imapezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amamwalira chiwonekere kuposa momwe chilili.
Komabe, kafukufuku wokhudza kuwunika kwa boma ku China adati sanapeze chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti izi ndi zoona.
Dr Bruce Aylward, wogwira ntchito ku World Health Organisation yemwe adapita ku China, adati palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti ziwerengero zimangowonetsa nsonga ya madzi oundana, ndipo adati kujambula kukuwoneka kuti ndikolondola, Stat News idatero.
Maantibayotiki sagwira ntchito polimbana ndi ma virus, motero sakufunsidwa. Mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kugwira ntchito, koma njira yomvetsetsa kachilomboka kenako ndikupanga ndi kupanga mankhwala ochiza ingatenge zaka komanso ndalama zambiri.
Palibe katemera wa coronavirus pakadali pano ndipo sizingatheke kuti wina apangidwe pakapita nthawi kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa mliriwu, pazifukwa zofanana ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa.
National Institutes of Health ku US, ndi Baylor University ku Waco, Texas, akuti akugwira ntchito yopezera katemera kutengera zomwe akudziwa za coronavirus nthawi zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zakufalikira kwa SARS. Koma izi zitha kutenga chaka kapena kuposerapo kuti zitheke, malinga ndi Pharmaceutical Technology.
Panopa, maboma ndi akuluakulu azaumoyo akuyesetsa kuti athetse kachilomboka komanso kusamalira odwala komanso kuwaletsa kupatsira anthu ena.
Anthu omwe atenga matendawa amakhala m'zipatala, komwe zizindikiro zawo zitha kuthandizidwa ndipo amakhala kutali ndi anthu omwe alibe kachilomboka.
Ndipo ma eyapoti padziko lonse lapansi akukhazikitsa njira zowunikira monga kukhala ndi madotolo pamalopo, kutengera kutentha kwa anthu kuti ayang'ane kutentha thupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kwamafuta kuti awone omwe angakhale akudwala (matenda amayambitsa kutentha kwakukulu).
Komabe, zitha kutenga masabata kuti zizindikiro ziwonekere, kotero pali mwayi wochepa woti odwala adziwonedwe pabwalo la ndege.
Mliriwu udanenedwa kuti ndi mliri pa Marichi 11. Mliri umafotokozedwa ndi World Health Organisation ngati 'kufalikira kwa matenda atsopano padziko lonse lapansi'.
M'mbuyomu, bungwe la UN linanena kuti milandu yambiri kunja kwa Hubei idakhala "yophulika" kuchokera pachiwonetserocho, chifukwa chake matendawa sanali kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-22-2020